What is used for effective handwashing?

Effective handwashing is best achieved with soap and water. This method is widely recommended because it physically removes dirt, bacteria, and viruses from the skin. The action of rubbing hands together creates friction, which is essential for dislodging particles and microorganisms from the skin's surface. Soap plays a crucial role as it not only helps lift these substances away but also can disrupt the lipid membranes of many germs, making them easier to wash away.

While alcohol-based hand sanitizers can be effective in certain situations, they are not as reliable when hands are visibly dirty or greasy, nor do they completely eliminate all types of germs. Water alone is not sufficient as it does not have the cleansing properties needed to remove pathogens effectively. Therefore, using soap and water is the most comprehensive approach for hand hygiene, especially in healthcare settings or when preparing food, ensuring that hands are clean and minimizing the risk of spreading infections.