What symptom is typically associated with hypocalcemia?

Muscle spasms are typically associated with hypocalcemia because calcium plays a critical role in neuromuscular function. When calcium levels in the blood drop, it can lead to increased excitability of the nerves and muscles. This heightened excitability can result in involuntary muscle contractions, known as spasms or tetany. In addition, hypocalcemia can lead to other symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and cramps, all of which are linked to the effects of low calcium on muscle and nerve function.

The other symptoms listed, like increased heart rate, lower blood pressure changes, and decreased urine output, are not characteristic of hypocalcemia. Increased heart rate is generally more associated with stress or hypercalcemia, lower blood pressure can result from various factors unrelated to calcium levels, and decreased urine output is more linked to kidney issues or dehydration rather than changes in calcium levels. Thus, muscle spasms are the clear and specific symptom indicative of hypocalcemia.